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| Watershed Management |
Watershed Management
Watershed identification
Briefly, a watershed is a hydrological unit. A watershed is a watershed area or land where the surface water naturally collects in a central point or river or channel after precipitation, this precipitation can be rain, snowmelt, and other precipitation. Generally, these constructions are implemented in hilly areas. And also in those areas where the possibility of going there is less, then the geographic program (GIS-Geographic International System) is used to collect the information about that area.
Related Terms of Watershed:
Related terms for watershed are as follows.
Watershed--Drainage Area--Catchment Area--River Basin--Drainage Basin
The above terms each mean the same thing but are different in terms of size.
Watershed Types:
Micro-Watershed, Intermediate Watershed (Sub-Watershed), Watershed,
Medium-large watershed (sub-basin), and large watershed (Basin).
Each type above has different sizes in turn.
Micro watershed: This type of watershed is also called primary watershed, which is 0.05-0.50 Km in size.
Intermediate watershed: This watershed refers to the joining of two or more micro watersheds with a size of (1-10 Km).
Watershed or catchment: This watershed refers to the convergence of two or more medium-sized watersheds with a size of (10-100 Km).
Note: There are also large reservoirs from the watershed, which are called (Sub-Basin) and (Basin) whose size is up to (Sub-Basin: 100-1000 Km) and (Basin: 1000-10000 Km) respectively.
And also the above type of opinion differs for each region.
Importance of Watershed:
A watershed is created not only for one purpose but for various purposes.
The idea is to protect the environment by creating a clean and sustainable watershed that can help us bring in food, tourism, and other building materials.
A sustainable and healthy watershed is important for the survival of human life.
Purpose of watershed construction:
A watershed is created for the following purposes:
· To prevent soil erosion.
· To store water properly and regularly and also to provide a green belt to an area.
· Flood control and prevention of destruction of hydraulic structures.
· Increase agricultural areas, and prevent drought.
Watershed
Management
What does watershed management mean?
Watershed Management: Comprehensive measures to sustainably utilize watershed natural resources such as water, land, and vegetation cover.
Watershed Management Techniques:
The following techniques are to manage a healthy watershed:
1- Agronomic techniques
2- Botanical techniques
3- Small engineering structures
1-
Agronomic management
These techniques include the following sections:
· Protection of fields
· Cultivation of various crops
· Making chemical fertilizer and then using it in the field
· Returning to planting rice (because the rice needs more water
· Animal control from farms
2-
Botanical management
These techniques include the following sections.
3- Small engineering constructions management
These techniques include the following parts:
· Check dams
· Retaining walls
· Stone barriers
· Construction of a protective irrigation system (in the form of drip irrigation and high irrigation)
· Cultivation of fields in the form of teras (areas that are on top of each other)
Healthy watershed management focuses on the following:
· Appropriate and rational use of land based on capacity and suitable conditions
· Increasing the production capacity of the land based on appropriate protection techniques
· Efficient conservation and storage of water and efficient use of water resources for drinking, irrigation, and other such needs
· Use of various techniques for soil and water conservation in order to manage excess or less water in the watershed and prevent disasters
· Implementation of different ways to prevent soil degradation
· In watershed management, social, economic, and administrative factors should be taken into consideration inside and outside the watershed
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