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| Flaxseed |
Flaxseed Production and Uses
Flaxseed is one of the industrial plants that have been cultivated since ancient times in some places that have suitable conditions and climate for this plant. Flax is an annual plant belonging to the genus Linum. The genus contains more than 100 annual and perennial species with cultivated flax belonging to L. usitatissimum – the most used and most useful of the entire genus. Linum under the scientific name (Linum usitatissimum) has been studied, belongs to the Linaceae family, and has 2n = 32 chromosomes. It is an annual plant with relatively vertical roots and lateral branches, the length of the main root is sometimes 100 cm, and the lateral roots are 15 cm. meters. The primary varieties are of two types: one is grown primarily for its oil and the other primarily for its fiber. Flax seeds are used directly or grounded and its fibers are used to make exquisite fabrics. Oil is obtained from its seeds, and its additional products are called flaxseed cake, which is used to feed animals. The cultivated area of this plant reaches 8 million hectares of land, and the world production of flaxseed in 1956 was about 17,600 tons and in 1970 it was equal to 67,000 tons. Canada is the largest producer of flaxseed in the world, representing about 40% of world production. China, the United States (US), and India, together account for 40% of world production. Within the European Union (EU), the main producers of flaxseed are Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. Flaxseed contains 30-45% oil and approximately 70% to 80% oil is used in the industry of painting and polishing, wood coating, soap making, etc.
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